*The Venezuelan economic think tank Observatorio Venezolano de Finanzas (OVF) has calculated that Venezuela’s monthly inflation rate in December 2023 was 3.9%, bringing the annual inflation rate to 193%. Whilst monthly inflation was up from the OVF’s November estimate of 1.8%, annual inflation was down from 286%. On OVF figures, December marked the fifth consecutive month of falling annual inflation, down from 439% in July.